Market Report Source

Overview

Introduction
With dwindling growth rates observed in the major developed markets many pharmaceutical companies are turning towards emerging market countries in order to sustain their revenue growth. While some countries, with double digit growth rates present tremendous opportunities, there are also many obstacles that need to be overcome. Many pharmaceutical companies are turning towards emerging market countries in order to sustain their revenue growth in the face of slow growth in the West. While some countries, with double digit growth rates present tremendous opportunities, there are also any obstacles that need to be overcome. Insufficient intellectual property rights protection, patchy reimbursement, lack of transparency and even tight pricing controls are present in all markets to differing
extents. The overall environment in a country will impact a company’s decision to enter a market and its entry strategy.

Scope of this report

• Review of the key macroeconomic trends and business environment in analyzed countries
• In-depth analysis of the healthcare system dynamics in key emerging markets
• Analysis of the pharmaceutical market dynamics in analyzed emerging markets
• Overview of the outsourcing opportunities for key emerging markets

Research and analysis highlights

Fast economic growth, increasing economic and political stability coupled with tremendous patient potential and increased Westernization of lifestyle present new opportunities for global pharmaceutical companies. Despite problematic intellectual property protection high market potential is attracting most multinational pharmaceutical companies.

Healthcare system characteristics differ greatly between different emerging market countries. Greater state participation in healthcare provision is observed in all markets although growing disposable income and out-of-pocket expenditure are contributing to market growth.

The changing medical needs of the emerging countries are favoring multinational companies: sales of anti-infective agents are slowing down and cancer drugs, immunomodulatory and respiratory drugs among others are growing at fast rates. With increasing purchasing power consumer preference for expensive new treatments is growing.

Key reasons to read this report

• Identify the key trends that are driving and resisting the growth of the pharmaceutical market in key developing countries
• Understand the macroeconomic factors and healthcare system characteristics impacting the pharmaceutical market in the analyzed countries
• Gain insight into current market dynamics and opportunities and challenges for foreign companies wishing to enter these emerging markets

Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Scope of the report
IMS caveat
Scorecard for analyzed countries
Patient potential in key emerging markets
Socioeconomic trends and business environment in key emerging markets
Health system dynamics
Pricing and reimbursement environment
Regulatory environment in key emerging markets-uncertainties exist but do not present
major hurdles
Pharmaceutical market dynamics

CHAPTER 2 THE PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET IN BRAZIL
Tight pricing control is a downside but the overall environment and
healthcare provision is improving
Demographic trends in Brazil
Disease burden is similar to the Western countries
Socioeconomic environment in Brazil – a land of inequality
Political climate is stable
Brazilian economy is growing at a moderate but steady level
Regional differences are great
Mercosur-the common market of South America
There is an abundant semi-skilled and unskilled workforce but the educational level is low
Business environment in Brazil-regulation and bureaucracy are considerable
Business entities
Taxation system is complex
Foreign direct investment in Brazil is growing
Importation is costly and laborious but export is incentivized
The healthcare system in Brazil is based on a public-private mix
Healthcare expenditure in Brazil
The public sector – the Unified Health System (SUS)
The private sector is restricted to the rich
After years of focus on hospital care, primary care is now predominant
Regulatory issues in Brazil
Intellectual property protection: long delays exist
Compulsory licenses on HIV/AIDS drugs were used only as a threat until May 2007
Registration of drugs-regulatory requirements are tightening
Imported pharmaceuticals have to be registered with ANVISA
Counterfeit drugs present a problem but a crackdown has started
Pricing and reimbursement of drugs in Brazil
Multiple mechanisms ensure tight price control on pharmaceuticals
Prices of marketed pharmaceuticals are controlled through price freezes and increases
Anti-retroviral drugs are priced low
Reimbursement is limited but is expected to improve
Patients are turning to courts to ensure they receive new treatments
Pharmaceutical market dynamics in Brazil
Distribution: a highly fragmented market
Brazil has a high number of pharmacies
Top manufacturers on the Brazilian retail market
Top ATC groups by sales value on the Brazilian retail pharmaceutical market
Top brands on the Brazilian retail market
Hospital sales of pharmaceuticals in Brazil
Advertising, marketing and sales of drugs
Major foreign pharmaceutical companies in Brazil
Sanofi-Aventis
Novartis
Bayer Schering
Pfizer
Boehringer-Ingelheim
It is difficult for multinational companies to enter the generics market
Major domestic pharmaceutical companies in Brazil
The generics market is dominated by a small number of leading companies
EMS
Medley
Eurofarma
Group Castro Marques (Biolab)
Ache Biosintetica
Drug manufacturing in Brazil
Multinational companies are ramping up export of drugs from Brazil but domestic
companies are lagging behind
State-owned drug manufacturing is focused on antiretroviral drugs for HIV/AIDS
Investment in R&D in Brazil is growing
Phytopharmaceuticals-a new opportunity for Brazilian companies?
Clinical trials in Brazil

CHAPTER 3 THE PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET IN RUSSIA
The new reimbursement system and growing out-of-pocket spend have
resulted in fast growth of the Russian pharmaceutical market
Demographic trends in Russia
Basic facts
Life expectancy is surprisingly low
Ageing and depopulation are resulting from declining birth rates
Disease burden in Russia
Socioeconomic environment in Russia
Political climate in Russia
Russia remains a centralized country with the center of power in Moscow
Economic environment in Russia: GDP and disposable income are growing
The Russian economy is trying to break away from overdependence on natural
resources and is diversifying
Large regional differences exist
Accession to WTO is expected to bring positive changes
The labor market in Russia
The population is highly educated but the output is low
Looming labor shortage
Business environment in Russia-corruption and lack of transparency create difficulties
Foreign direct investment in Russia is mostly in the natural resource industry
Corruption is widespread
Excessive bureaucracy-red tape
Registration of a legal entity in Russia is a long and costly procedure
Taxation differs for foreign companies
Pharmaceuticals are subject to a reduced VAT rate of 10%
Customs duties are slowly becoming in line with the WTO
Healthcare system in Russia
Mandatory health insurance was introduced in 1991
Certain diseases have become a priority of the Russian government
The healthcare reform of 1991 signaled the privatization of healthcare
Healthcare expenditure is below the level of Western EU countries
Increased funding for healthcare is one of the priorities of the government
Primary versus hospital healthcare in Russia-focus on hospital care
‘Under the table’ expenditure is high in Russia
Access to healthcare is especially problematic for the poor population
Companies offering private health insurance are scarce and focus on the top end of market
Regulatory issues in Russia
Intellectual property protection-several key issues remain unresolved
Insufficient enforceability of patent laws is a problem
Data exclusivity remains an unresolved issue
Drug counterfeiting in Russia
Registration of drugs in Russia
Certification of drugs is cumbersome but is used to detect counterfeit drugs
A large proportion of drugs are sold without prescription
Pricing and reimbursement of drugs in Russia
Pricing of drugs-few restrictions exist
Reimbursement-federal and regional lists exist
Certain drugs used in hospitals are funded by regional health budgets
Introduction of the federal reimbursement system DLO was a major change
The DLO program(growing pains?
Drug price cuts and changes to the reimbursement list failed to keep DLO spending within the allocated budget
Insufficient planning for demand is putting a strain on the DLO program
State is becoming a bigger purchaser of drugs
The future of DLO program
DLO will be split into two programs in 2008
Pharmaceutical market dynamics in Russia
The distribution sector is fragmented but is consolidating
Foreign investment in the sector is increasing
The pharmacy networks sector is fragmented
Global pharma lead the Russian pharmaceutical market by sales value
Generics dominate the market in volume terms but account for only a fraction of the sales value
The retail market segment is growing at a steady rate
Top brands in the retail market segment in Russia
Top ATC groups by sales in the retail sector in Russia
Top manufacturers on the Russian retail market
The hospital market segment in Russia
Multinational companies dominate the hospital segment
Systemic antibacterials are the best selling therapeutic class
Consumption of expensive medicines is increasing in the hospital segment
The DLO program is one of the major growth drivers of the Russian pharmaceutical
market but faces stagnation
Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents were the best selling group in the DLO program in 2006
DLO has failed to increase the share of domestic producers and foreign manufacturers dominate
The top brands list in the DLO segment in 2006 is dominated by foreign brands
The establishment of the DLO drove the growth of the oncology sector
The DLO segment faces stagnation in 2007
Drugs can be imported into Russia through different channels
Top ATC groups of imported drugs
Top imported brands in Russia
Top foreign manufacturers by sales of imported drugs
The Russian pharmaceutical market will continue to grow
Export of pharmaceuticals from Russia is low
Launch, marketing and branding in Russia
Branding is important in Russia
Advertising of pharmaceuticals in Russia
Merck’s co-marketing deal with Otechestvennie Lekarstva ( a first of its kind
Innovative drugs have the best market potential in Russia
Market entry strategies: acquiring a domestic producer?
Major foreign pharmaceutical companies on the Russian market
Sanofi-Aventis is the top foreign pharmaceutical company in Russia
Novartis’s presence in Russia is growing
Servier
Roche
Gedeon Richter
Nycomed
Eli Lilly
Novo Nordisk
Bayer Schering
Actavis has strengthened its position in the Russian market through the acquisition of ZIO Zdorovie
Stada has increased its presence in the Russian market through three different entities
Major domestic pharmaceutical companies on the Russian market
Pharmstandard
Veropharm
Domestic producers will grow
Innovation is lagging behind the West
Manufacturing drugs in Russia
Clinical trials in Russia: a growing opportunity

CHAPTER 4 THE PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET IN INDIA
Improved patent protection environment fails to deliver on its promise but economic growth keeps the potential alive
Demographic trends in India: a trend toward ageing and urban population growth
Disease burden in India
Socioeconomic environment in India
Political climate in India – open to economic liberalization
Economic growth is steady and is concentrated in mid-sized and small urban centers
Poverty is declining for the first time since independence
Middle class income population is booming
Inadequate infrastructure is a major obstacle to faster growth
India is a member of the World Trade Organization
India has a high number of educated scientists
Business environment in India
India is opening up to Foreign Direct Investment
Legal entities in India
Corporate taxes in India are high but R&D incentives are given
Indirect taxes are very high in India and create a barrier for foreign companies
The central excise duty charging system was changed in 2005
Value added tax (VAT) was introduced in 2005 in India
Import tariffs are high in India
Export is encouraged through subsidies and special economic zones
Transparency and corruption in India
Healthcare system in India
Public health expenditure is low in India
Alternative medicine-AYUSH
Only a small fraction of the population has social security or private health insurance
Access to healthcare is poor especially in rural regions
Public health programs in India
Regulatory issues in India
Intellectual property protection in India is insufficient
Case study: Glivec was refused patent protection on the basis that incremental innovation is not patentable
Case study: AstraZeneca’s patent application for Iressa was also rejected
Pfizer’s maraviroc patent was granted – a change of tide for IP environment
India is benefiting from compulsory licenses for HIV/AIDS drugs in other countries
India is a major source of counterfeit drugs
Registration of drugs in India is straightforward
Importation of pharmaceuticals into India
Pricing and reimbursement of drugs in India
Control of drug pricing is getting tighter and is threatening to reduce the growth of the Indian market
Prices of certain pharmaceuticals in India are subject to price controls
Prices of drugs not subject to price control are being increasingly monitored and capped
Only a small number of drugs in India are reimbursed
Pharmaceutical market dynamics in India
The distribution sector in India is highly fragmented
Retail pharmacy chains are starting to appear
Top manufacturers on the Indian retail market-domestic companies dominate
Anti-infectives and gastrointestinal drugs hold almost 50% of the total market
Top brands on the Indian pharmaceutical market
Export of drugs from India is growing
Major foreign pharmaceutical companies in India
GlaxoSmithKline
Sanofi-Aventis
Abbott Laboratories
Pfizer
Major domestic pharmaceutical companies in India
Ranbaxy
Cipla
Nicholas Piramal
Zydus Cadila
Sun Pharma
Alkem Laboratories
Lupin
Dr Reddy’s
India is a major hub of drug manufacturing activity
India is developing its capacity for development and manufacturing of biosimilars
R&D activities are increasing in India
Clinical trials in India – a growing opportunity

CHAPTER 5 THE PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET IN CHINA
A growing economy is fuelling demand and its R&D potential is attracting investment
Demographic trends-the world’s most populous country is ageing
Disease burden in China
Socioeconomic environment in China
Political climate-stable and supporting economic growth
China’s economy continues to grow but remains over-reliant on exports
Fast economic growth has fueled China’s energy demand
China’s middle class is growing
China – a good education system
Business environment in China
Foreign direct investment is contributing to economic growth
Business entities in China
Taxation system in China
Corruption is widespread
The difference between Chinese and Western cultures and the language barrier are difficulty
Healthcare system in China
Healthcare expenditure-growing but insufficient
Growing out-of-pocket spend is the main contributor to the rising healthcare expenditure
Healthcare reforms have resulted in lower healthcare utilization
Access to healthcare services is difficult and discriminatory against the poor and the rural population
The density of healthcare workers is low and the hospital facilities are in a great need of an overhaul
Health insurance coverage is increasing in both urban and rural areas but is insufficient
The introduction of the urban employee Basic Medical Insurance System has improved healthcare coverage in cities
Rural health insurance coverage is increasing but the benefits are insufficient
The unemployed may be offered a very basic health insurance
Traditional Chinese Medicine still plays a role in Chinese healthcare
Regulatory issues in China-an improving environment
Intellectual property protection-improving but still a way to go
New drug regulations have failed to improve the IP protection and to satisfy the global pharmaceutical industry
Compulsory license provision in China?
Counterfeit drugs represent a particular threat
Registration of drugs in China is a complex process
Priority review procedures have been put in place to tackle health crises
China has resorted to drastic measures to improve its safety record
Pressure from export partners is forcing China to introduce practical measures to improve safety record
Obtaining import drug licenses is a long and costly process
Traditional Chinese Medicine is not tightly regulated
Pricing and reimbursement of drugs in China
Price cuts of reimbursable drugs threaten to reduce profit margins of manufacturers
In order to reduce the healthcare cost burden for patients the government is imposing heavy price cuts
Prices of drugs sold in hospitals are over-inflated
Reimbursement is negotiated at local level
Pharmaceutical Catalog classification
Pharmaceutical market dynamics in China
The distribution system in China is complex
Sales of drugs through retail pharmacies are encouraged
Several large multinational companies are among the top drug manufacturers in China
Top ATC groups in China-anti-infectives remain at the top but their growth is slowing down
Top products on the Chinese hospital market
Major foreign pharmaceutical companies in China
Pfizer
AstraZeneca
Bayer Schering
Roche
Novartis
Sanofi-Aventis
GlaxoSmithKline
Major domestic pharmaceutical companies in China
Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group
Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Company
The Harbin Pharmaceutical Group
Drug manufacturing in China-GMP is improving but IP protection is insufficient for Western manufacturers
Several Chinese biotechnology companies already have biosimilars products on the Chinese market
Many multinational companies have opened R&D centers in China
Clinical trials in China – international interest is high

CHAPTER 6 THE PHARMACEUTICAL MARKET IN TURKEY
Low drug prices limit the market potential but the overall environment is improving
Demographic trends in Turkey
Disease burden in Turkey
Socioeconomic environment in Turkey
Political climate-the new government supports foreign investment in Turkey
Desired accession to the EU is a stimulant for economic growth
Turkey is a member of the WTO and has entered the Customs Union with the EU
Labor market in Turkey-lack of educated workforce
A large working age population
Educational level is low compared to the West
Business environment in Turkey
Foreign direct investment is low but is growing
Legal corporate entities in Turkey
Taxation is becoming investor-friendly
Turkey is in Customs Union with the EU
Foreign trade zones and free ports have special customs treatment and tax advantages
Corruption is present but the government is fighting against it
Healthcare system in Turkey – universal healthcare coverage is on its way
Access to healthcare is poor in rural regions
The Health Transformation Program is reforming healthcare and driving the growth of the pharmaceuticals sector
Primary and family care is important for provinces with traditionally poor access to healthcare
Private health insurance accounts for a very small percentage of the population
Expenditure on pharmaceuticals accounts for a high proportion of the healthcare spend
Regulatory issues in Turkey
IP and data exclusivity in Turkey-improved but still a way to go
Turkey is a source of counterfeit drugs
Registration and importation of drugs in Turkey
Pricing and reimbursement of drugs in Turkey
Reimbursement is available but criteria and decisions are not transparent
There is no rationalization of drug but may be introduced
Lack of transparency is a problem
Tight price controls have resulted in price decreases
Pharmaceutical market dynamics-tight pricing controls are stumping growth
Distribution is dominated by several large companies
Retail pharmacy chains are not permitted
Top ATC groups by sales value in Turkey
The top brands list in Turkey is dominated by foreign products
The top manufacturers list is dominated by foreign companies
Imported versus local drugs
Major foreign pharmaceutical companies in Turkey
Novartis
Sanofi-Aventis
Roche
GlaxoSmithKline
Pfizer
Bayer-Schering
Eli Lilly
Major domestic pharmaceutical companies in Turkey
Abdi Ibrahim
Zentiva has acquired a stake in Eczacibasi
Bilim Pharmaceuticals
Actavis acquired Turkey’s Fako
Drug manufacturing in Turkey-an unexploited opportunity?
Export of pharmaceuticals from Turkey is low
Conducting clinical trials in Turkey
Registration of clinical studies-approval times may be shortened
Local CRO industry is starting to emerge

CHAPTER 7 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Publications and online articles
Conference literature
Datamonitor resources
Websites
Exchange rates

CHAPTER 8 APPENDIX
Russian Pharmaceutical Market: additional data
Domestic manufacturers on the Russian market
Retail market segment in Russia
Top 20 drug manufacturers in the retail segment
Top brands in the Russian retail market in 2006
The hospital market in Russia
Top manufacturers
Top brands in the hospital segment
The DLO market segment in Russia
Top manufacturers in the DLO segment
Top brands in the DLO segment
Imported drugs in Russia
IMS Health sales data for the Russian pharmaceutical market
Top manufacturers on the Russian market
Top brands in Russia
Top ATC groups in Russia
IMS Health’s MIDAS sales data audit
Glossary

List of Tables
Table 1: Scorecard for the pharmaceutical markets in Brazil, Russia, India, China and Turkey
Table 2: Key demographic indicators for Brazil, 2005
Table 3: Top mortality causes in Brazil, 2002
Table 4: Brazil’s average annual growth rate of GDP and exports (%), 1986-2010
Table 5: Key economic indicators for Brazil, 1986-2006
Table 6: Healthcare expenditure indicators in Brazil, 2004
Table 7: Density of healthcare workers and hospital capacity in Brazil, 2000
Table 8: Growth of the Brazilian pharmaceutical market by volume (%), 2003-06
Table 9: Branded generics dominate the Brazilian pharmaceutical market, 2006
Table 10: Brazil – average cost of units sold, 2003-06
Table 11: Top 15 Drug manufacturers in Brazil, 2006
Table 12: Segmentation of the Brazilian retail pharmaceutical market by ATC group sales value, 2006
Table 13: Top 15 brands in Brazil, 2006
Table 14: Key demographic indicators for Russia, 2004-2006
Table 15: Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy in Russia compared to the seven major markets, 2002 and 2005
Table 16: Top causes of mortality in Russia, 2002
Table 17: Russia is experiencing a steady growth in GDP, 2001-06
Table 18: Disposable income is also growing in Russia, 2002-05
Table 19: Healthcare expenditure in Russia, 2004 and 2005
Table 20: Hospital and healthcare capacity in Russia, 2003
Table 21: Top 20 pharmacy networks in Russia, 2006
Table 22: Top 20 drug manufacturers by sales value in the Russian pharmaceutical market, 2005 and 2006
Table 23: Top 25 brands by pharmacy sales value on the Russian market, 2006
Table 24: Sales structure by ATC group on the retail market, 2006
Table 25: Top 15 ATC2 groups by pharmacy sales value in Russia, 2006
Table 26: Top 25 manufacturers in the retail segment of the Russian market by value, 2006
Table 27: Top 25 manufacturers in the hospital segment in Russia, 2006
Table 28: Sales within the hospital segment by ATC group, 2006
Table 29: Top 25 products by hospital sales in Russia, 2006
Table 30: Sales structure by ATC groups of the DLO market, 2006
Table 31: Top 15 ATC1 groups in the DLO segment according to Pharmexpert, 2006
Table 32: Top 25 manufacturers within the DLO segment in Russian by value, 2006
Table 33: Top 25 brands in the DLO segment in 2006
Table 34: Top 10 oncology products in Russia, January-September 2006
Table 35: Top 10 manufacturers in the oncology segment in Russia, January-September 2006
Table 36: Shares in import value of different groups of drug importers in Russia, 2005 and 2006
Table 37: Top 10 representatives of foreign manufacturers by drugs import value, 2006
Table 38: Top 10 distributors by drugs import value in Russia 2006
Table 39: Top 25 importers by import value in 2006
Table 40: Top 15 ATC2 groups of imported drugs to Russia by value, 2006
Table 41: Top 25 drugs imported in Russia by sales value, , 2006
Table 42: Top 25 foreign drug manufacturers by sales value of their imported drugs regardless of the import route, 2006
Table 43: Top 10 domestic manufacturers in Russia according to Pharmexpert, 2006
Table 44: Key demographic indicators for India
Table 45: Top 10 causes of mortality in India, 2002
Table 46: Key economic indicators for India, 2003-06
Table 47: Public healthcare expenditure indicators, 2004
Table 48: Traditional and indigenous systems of medicine in India
Table 49: Types of medical centers in the Indian public health sector
Table 50: Density of healthcare workers in India is extremely low
Table 51: Top 25 drug manufacturers in India, 2006
Table 52: Market segmentation in India according to ATC groups
Table 53: Top 15 brands on the Indian retail market, 2006
Table 54: Export of pharmaceuticals from India is growing, 2001-02-2006-07
Table 55: Recent R&D deals between Indian and multinational companies
Table 56: Key demographic indicators for China, 2005
Table 57: Top 10 causes of mortality in China, 2002
Table 58: Key economic indicators for China, 2003-06
Table 59: Several ministerial-level agencies have varying degrees of health authority in China
Table 60: Key Chinese health expenditure indicators, 2004
Table 61: Healthcare worker density in China is insufficient
Table 62: Categories of drug applications submitted to the SFDA and their data protection periods
Table 63: Top 25 pharmaceutical companies in China, 2006
Table 64: Anti-infectives were the largest ATC group by revenue in 2006
Table 65: Top 25 brands in China, 2006
Table 66: Top 25 drug molecules by sales value in China, 2006
Table 67: Many multinational companies have engaged in R&D in China
Table 68: Basic population facts for Turkey, 2005
Table 69: Top causes of death in Turkey in 2002
Table 70: Turkey – economic indicators, 2005
Table 71: Key health expenditure indicators for Turkey, 2004
Table 72: Health worker density in Turkey, 2003
Table 73: Maximum wholesaler and pharmacy margins in Turkey are based on a regressive scale
Table 74: Consumption of medicines in Turkey (million boxes per year), 2000-06
Table 75: Market segmentation in Turkey by ATC group spend, 2006
Table 76: Top 20 pharmaceutical brands in Turkey, 2006
Table 77: Top 20 drug manufacturers in Turkey by value, 2006
Table 78: Exchange rates for national currencies
Table 79: Segmentation of the Russian pharmaceutical market in 2005
Table 80: Top domestic manufacturers in Russia by sales value in 2006
Table 81: Top 20 drug manufacturers by pharmacy sales value in the Russian commercial market in 2005 and 2006
Table 82: Top 20 drug brands by pharmacy sales value on the Russian commercial market in 2005-2006
Table 83: Top 20 manufacturers on the Russian hospital segment, 2005-06
Table 84: Top 20 brands in the hospital segment of the Russian market in 2006 according to Aston Consulting
Table 85: TOP 20 drug manufacturers by DLO consumption in 2005 and 2006
Table 86: Top 20 brands by pharmacy sales value in the DLO segment in 2005 and 2006
Table 87: Top 20 drug manufacturers by drug import value with regard to all group of importers in Russia in 2005 and 2006
Table 88: Top 20 drug manufacturers on the Russian market, 2006
Table 89: Top 20 brands on the Russian pharmaceutical market, 2006
Table 90: ATC group spend in Russia, 2006
Table 91: IMS MIDAS audit (1 of 4)
Table 92: IMS MIDAS audit (2 of 4)
Table 93: IMS MIDAS audit (3 of 4)
Table 94: IMS MIDAS (audit 4 of 4)

List of Figures
Figure 1: Key macroeconomic factors and healthcare system characteristics impacting the pharmaceutical market in Brazil
Figure 2: Pharmaceutical market dynamics in Brazil: an attractive proposition for foreign companies
Figure 3: Retail pharmaceutical market in Brazil, 2002-2006
Figure 4: Comparison of market shares of different ATC groups between Brazil and the six major markets
Figure 5: Key macroeconomic factors and healthcare system characteristics impacting the pharmaceutical market in Russia
Figure 6: Pharmaceutical market dynamics in Russia
Figure 7: The Russian healthcare system includes many bodies both at the federation and regional level
Figure 8: Mandatory Health Insurance Fund financing in Russia, 2007
Figure 9: The DLO reimbursement chain
Figure 10: Size and segmentation of the Russian pharmaceutical market ($ billion), 2004-2005
Figure 11: Top six distributors in the Russian market, 2005-2006
Figure 12: Advantages and disadvantages of carrying out clinical trials in Russia
Figure 13: Key macroeconomic factors and healthcare system characteristics influencing the pharmaceutical market in India
Figure 14: Pharmaceutical market dynamics in India
Figure 15: Maximum retail prices of controlled drugs in India are calculated using a formula
Figure 16: The retail pharmaceutical market in India is growing faster than the country’s GDP, 2003-06
Figure 17: Drug distribution network in India
Figure 18: The market share of different ATC groups in India differs substantially from the six major markets
Figure 19: Advantages and disadvantages of conducting clinical trials in India
Figure 20: Key macroeconomic factors and healthcare system dynamics in China
Figure 21: Key pharmaceutical market dynamics in China
Figure 22: Protection of pharmaceutical products in China with or without a patent, 2006
Figure 23: Key steps for drug approval in China, 2006
Figure 24: Drug reimbursement in China
Figure 25: The growth rate of the Chinese hospital market is slowing down, 2002-06
Figure 26: The growth of the Chinese market is driven largely by growth in value not volume, 2002-06
Figure 27: Drug distribution channels in China, 2006
Figure 28: The market share of the individual ATC groups differs significantly between China and the six major markets
Figure 29: Revenues of all ATC groups are growing but anti-infectives are slowing down
Figure 30: Advantages and disadvantages of conducting clinical trials in China
Figure 31: Key macroeconomic factors and healthcare system characteristics impacting the pharmaceutical market in Turkey
Figure 32: Pharmaceutical markets in Turkey
Figure 33: The drug approval process in Turkey is complicated and lengthy
Figure 34: Pharmaceutical market size in Turkey, 2002-2006
Figure 35: Positioning of different therapy groups on the Turkish market
Figure 36: The relative market shares of each ATC group differ substantially between Turkey and the six major markets, 2006
Figure 37: Size and segmentation of the Russian pharmaceutical market, 2005-06, DSM Group
Figure 38: Russian pharmaceutical market, 2002-06